T
Модернизм — многогранное явление первой половины ХХ века, включающее многочисленные направления, так называемые -измы: фовизм, кубизм, сюрреализм, импрессионизм, дадаизм, абстракционизм и многие другие. Разобраться в них подчас бывает сложно. Чтобы понять особенности модернистских направлений в изобразительном искусстве, BURO. вместе с петербургским образовательным пространством Doctrina et Nobiles придумало игру-тест: внимательно посмотрите на картину и постарайтесь понять, к какому из направлений она относится. А правильный ответ и примечания к нему помогут углубиться в тему.
Как проходить игру-тест:
- выберите вариант ответа, который считаете правильным;
- кликните на иллюстрацию, чтобы узнать о направлении подробнее.
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ОСНОВНЫЕ ЧЕРТЫ:
дробление форм на геометрические элементы, сочетание прямых ломаных линий и нарушение перспективы, деформация, угловатость.
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{"points":[{"id":4,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":0,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}},{"id":6,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}}],"steps":[{"id":5,"properties":{"duration":0.1,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":true}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
Пабло Пикассо, «Герника», 1937
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ОСНОВНЫЕ ЧЕРТЫ:
Фовисты (от французского les fauves — «дикие», «хищники») использовали интенсивный яркий цвет, выразительность форм, контрастные линии.
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{"points":[{"id":4,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":0,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}},{"id":6,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}}],"steps":[{"id":5,"properties":{"duration":0.1,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":true}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
Андре Дерен, «Биг-Бен», 1907
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ОСНОВНЫЕ ЧЕРТЫ:
Аллюзии к классической живописи, парадоксальные сочетания и искажения форм, фантазийный сюжет, нереалистичные сочетания форм и размеров. Все выглядит как сон.
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{"points":[{"id":4,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":0,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}},{"id":6,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}}],"steps":[{"id":5,"properties":{"duration":0.1,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":true}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
{"points":[{"id":4,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":0,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}},{"id":6,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}}],"steps":[{"id":5,"properties":{"duration":0.1,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":true}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
Макс Эрнст, «Одеяние невесты», 1940
{"points":[{"id":1,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}},{"id":3,"properties":{"x":0,"y":1,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1.25,"scaleY":1.25,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}}],"steps":[{"id":2,"properties":{"duration":50,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":true}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
{"points":[{"id":7,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}},{"id":9,"properties":{"x":1,"y":-1,"z":0,"opacity":0,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":74,"rotationZ":0}}],"steps":[{"id":8,"properties":{"duration":0.4,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":true}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
ОСНОВНЫЕ ЧЕРТЫ:
Импрессионистов (от французского impression — «впечатление») волновали будничные сюжеты, сиюминутность действия — на картинах изображен момент «здесь и сейчас». На картинах часто можно увидеть размытый фон, а главный объект (с точки зрения художника) выделен.
{"points":[{"id":4,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":0,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}},{"id":6,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}}],"steps":[{"id":5,"properties":{"duration":0.1,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":true}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
{"points":[{"id":4,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":0,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}},{"id":6,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}}],"steps":[{"id":5,"properties":{"duration":0.1,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":true}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
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Клод Моне, «Чайки. Река Темза в Лондоне. Здание парламента», 1903–1904
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{"points":[{"id":7,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}},{"id":9,"properties":{"x":1,"y":-1,"z":0,"opacity":0,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":74,"rotationZ":0}}],"steps":[{"id":8,"properties":{"duration":0.4,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":true}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
ОСНОВНЫЕ ЧЕРТЫ:
Беспредметность, в основе композиции — линии и геометрические фигуры, цветовое пятно, плоскость.
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{"points":[{"id":4,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":0,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}},{"id":6,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}}],"steps":[{"id":5,"properties":{"duration":0.1,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":true}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
Василий Кандинский, «Желтое-красное-синее», 1925
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ОСНОВНЫЕ ЧЕРТЫ:
«Дада — это антидада», — лозунг дадаистов.
Протест, коллажность, вызывающая простота и наивность форм.
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{"points":[{"id":4,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":0,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}},{"id":6,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}}],"steps":[{"id":5,"properties":{"duration":0.1,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":true}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
Тео ван Дусбург, «Плакат с объявлением вечера дадаистов», 1922
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ОСНОВНЫЕ ЧЕРТЫ:
Воспроизведение не окружающего, а внутреннего эмоционального мира художника, акцент на жестах и мимике, насыщенный цвет.
{"points":[{"id":4,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":0,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}},{"id":6,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}}],"steps":[{"id":5,"properties":{"duration":0.1,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":true}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
{"points":[{"id":4,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":0,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}},{"id":6,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}}],"steps":[{"id":5,"properties":{"duration":0.1,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":true}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
{"points":[{"id":4,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":0,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}},{"id":6,"properties":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0,"opacity":1,"scaleX":1,"scaleY":1,"rotationX":0,"rotationY":0,"rotationZ":0}}],"steps":[{"id":5,"properties":{"duration":0.1,"delay":0,"bezier":[],"ease":"Power0.easeNone","automatic_duration":true}}],"transform_origin":{"x":0.5,"y":0.5}}
Марианна Веревкина, «Автопортрет», 1910
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